$random_integer = int(rand(10)) + 1;
Creates a random number:
$random_integer = int(rand(10)) + 1;
Turns it into an integer:
$random_integer = int(rand(10)) + 1;
An integer is a whole number, without decimal points, like 1, 2, 3.
Makes sure the number generated is between 1 and 10, and not 0 and 10:
$random_integer = int(rand(10)) + 1;
Then assigns it to the scalar variable $random_integer:
$random_integer = int(rand(10)) + 1;